April 2017
Mega-challenges for mega-constellations
...practice in implementing post mission disposal for spacecraft in LEO (less than 2000 km) and historical trends (...order is also observed in currently operated large constellations in higher LEO orbits, such as those of Iridium and Globalstar. As ...
January 2020
Satellite-based IoT - the race is on
.... Temporary bandwidth changes happen when GEO and LEO satellite operators share the same Ku-/Ka-band frequency band...earth station. Despite these solutions, managing and minimising LEO/GEO interference will become increasingly difficult with tens ...
February 2017
Protecting our space interests
...’ in outer space has not taken place there is no clear definition of what is a weapon in outer space. Objects orbiting in LEO travel at 7-8 km/second and two such objects would present a very high relative velocity, in the order of 10-16 km/s, which...
July 2021
Collaboration and competition in lunar exploration
... alongside other commercial partnerships, NASA is well within vision to eventually entrust the commercial industry with all LEO operations. This shift to purchasing services from the private sector is allowing NASA to focus on areas where commercial...
April 2019
The changing economics of space
...be increased pressure on space nations to implement remedial action This has been overcome by launching smaller spacecraft into LEO at around 2,000 km altitude, or medium Earth orbit (MEO) at about 20,000 km altitude, both of which remove much of the...
February 2021
Space archaeology - preserving our orbital heritage
... The threat posed by debris within the commercially and scientifically valuable LEO and MEO is significant. If an object is large enough and.... Hubble, on the other hand, in a 545 km LEO, is accessible for servicing, repair and upgrade. A number ...
