November 2016
Microgravity and space research: Bringing the commercial market into focus
... by the American government. Convinced that low Earth orbit (LEO) utilisation would be taken over by the private sector and...coming years as launch costs go down. And if travelling to LEO eventually becomes equivalent to the cost of a long haul flight...
April 2018
Developing Mars
...cargo tanker flights to low Earth orbit (LEO), along with all associated costs. On the Omaha Trail propellant ... water from Deimos volatiles. This water is delivered by cargo ship to LEO for transfer. The water shields crews en route to Mars and is dumped...
September 2019
Space cybersecurity - why we mustn’t forget the basics
... achieving lower carbon emissions values. Hackers will consider new P-LEO satellites as just another node in an IoT network. Given... Earth. Most of these will be in low Earth orbit (LEO) and will be uniform in design. Cyber-attacks will quickly evolve...
October 2020
Extending human rights across the final frontier
... Earth and historical sites on the Moon – given the presence of numerous historically significant satellites and objects in LEO and the growing risk of collisions with other space objects, and the immense historical significance of the...
November 2021
Space insurance and the future of risk management
... a communications satellite based in geostationary orbit (GEO) and usually 10 years or less for a spacecraft in low Earth orbit (LEO). No one would be surprised to learn that the launch phase represents a relatively high level of risk exposure and...
March 2022
Space travel and environmental sustainability
...only a few tens of thousands visiting low Earth orbit (LEO) per year would be profound. The Overview Effect would no... costs tens of millions of dollars, and launches beyond LEO are limited to occasional multibillion-dollar Artemis missions, serious ...
