17 March 2021
Like Venus, ancient water on Mars is trapped in its crust, new study says
... majority of hydrogen atoms and they consist of just one proton within the atomic nucleus, plus an electron. However, ...(about 0.02 percent) exist as deuterium atoms, which have a proton, electron and a neutron in the nucleus. This added particle gives...
09 July 2021
Astronomers solve 40-year-old mystery of what causes Jupiter’s X-ray auroras
... of Earth, the ion responsible for the auroras is a proton, which comes from a hydrogen atom, and the process is...is fundamentally an ion aurora, although at much higher energy than the proton aurora on Earth, so the basic process is that same. “It ...
20 September 2021
Best time for a human Mars mission? During a solar maximum, new study says
...cosmic rays (GCR). Cosmic rays are high-energy protons and atomic nuclei that come from outside the Solar ...through a spacecraft shell during different phases of a solar cycle. Protons and nine ion species to model solar particle irradiation were also ...
July 2014
Space 1.0 to Space 3.0: from Gagarin to market growth
... more than $300m – more than three times what it cost to launch the rival rocket, the Russian Proton-M. So the American rockets became uncompetitive on the global launch market. The situation is no better with EADS, and...
March 2015
Sizing down and reaching higher with CubeSats
... and huge satellites. Think of the American Saturn or Atlas, the French Ariane and the Russian N1 and Proton vehicles. In that sense, the space industry reflected the times. These rockets came of age at a time when...
March 2016
Gravitational waves provide new window on the universe
... gravitational wave. The typical sensitivity of detection for LIGO corresponds to a strain to be about 1/10,000th the width of a proton. Current operating facilities in the global network include the twin LIGO detectors - in Hanford, Washington, and...
