... satellites equipped with inter-satellite links (such as Starlink and Kuiper). This sort of physical congestion is dangerous, as it risks collisions of the sort that afflicted the Iridium constellation in 2009, and which has subsequently forced the...
... would typically fall under the ‘Specific’ category. The ‘Specific’ category requires the operator to perform a safety risk assessment of the planned mission and to identify mitigation measures. Mitigation means can involve safety systems or specific...
... the ground. In turn, this not only increases the risk to other satellites but pushes up costs for the operators....-worth LEO satellite keeps orbiting uncontrolled, it increases the risk of collision with other objects. For each operational satellite ...
...the spacecraft’s storm shelter so crew can combine both protection tools simultaneously to minimise long-term health risks. Preventing cancer through enhanced protection of stem cells - a mutated stem cell produces thousands of mutated daughter cells...
... global conversation on regulations, policy and standards. Both national governments and international organisations have recognised the risks posed by space debris and are considering solutions. Japan, the UK, ESA, European Union (EU) and the United...
... the bioethics of space missions. Human presence in space, especially on a mission to Mars, will not only involve a number of risks to human health and life. It will also be associated with limitations to individual freedom and autonomy. Perhaps the...