...a century into the space age, commercial drivers are beginning to supplant military and geopolitical considerations in the exploitation of near-Earth space. How should we adapt our traditional institutions to benefit from and encourage this evolution...
..., in particular, must be treated with careful thought. In certain circumstances redundancy can lead to new avenues for exploitation and expose attack vectors. Resilience is not just technological, but also involves legal and regulatory challenges...
... space threats; (iii) space opportunities and the need for sustainable and peaceful use, exploration and exploitation of space for all humankind; (iv) safety, technical and operational gaps to be filled; and (v) appropriate space governance standards...
...highly escalatory, and should be presumptively disfavoured kinetic attacks that cause lasting damage to humanity’s ability to exploit space abilities are prohibited satellites and space assets not directly and substantially involved in a conflict are...
... but also tools needed by astronauts during surface exploration activities. Moreover, further optimising the mission and exploiting the 3D printing potential, system studies are currently ongoing in ESA to analyse what elements could be brought from...
... Space Treaty, nations cannot acquire land on celestial bodies. However, it is generally accepted that the use and exploitation of ISRU materials for Lunar Villages and Mars bases is unlikely to be prohibited by current international law. The USA...