June 2022
Space activities and space debris - finding an ethical balance
...of the Space Age, heralded by Sputnik 1 reaching low Earth orbit (LEO) in 1957, more than 6,000 successful launches... exponential increase in space debris due to chain collisions in low Earth orbit back in 1978, recognising that if such a scenario were...
January 2023
Producing food in space
... around six months’ worth of food, and there are regular shipments to resupply it in low Earth orbit (LEO). Once you start increasing the distance from Earth, resupply is not a viable option. The Moon, at a distance of 384,000 km, is a thousand times...
October 2024
Revolutionising space medicine and global health through virtual and augmented reality
... approach to healthcare, both on Earth and in space, as human exploration expands beyond low Earth orbit to the Moon and Mars...., and more. There are also important applications on Earth in medical education for trainees during various stages of ...
October 2025
Europe’s unified vision for space governance and growth
... proposal is the European Resilience from Space (ERS) initiative, a modular system designed to integrate Earth observation (EO), low Earth orbit (LEO) telemetry and navigation, and secure communications (IRIS2). “No single member state can develop...
October 2025
Satellite technology - from operational challenges to strategic opportunities
...based test facilities make simulation an essential tool for satellite development. ESA’s LEO-PNT (low Earth orbit Positioning Navigation and Timing) in-orbit demonstrator mission features a constellation of 10 satellites plus two spares that will fly...
August 2016
Space stations - drivers of cooperation
Compared to routine operations in low Earth orbit, the allure of interplanetary exploration is almost ... of law-makers, what applies on land does not yet do so in Earth orbit and beyond. By far the largest number of disputes around the world are ...
