July 2014
In thrall to a star: understanding the Sun will help us understand our own climate and environment
...in many forms – high-energy protons and electrons, UV and X-ray radiation, embedded magnetic fields – all of which have a profound ...Hallowe’en storms of 2003. Top panel shows the X-ray activity measured by the GOES satellite. Each spike represents...
March 2015
Ka-band satellite communication and lowering the price of VSATs
... this problem. Its fleet includes a specially designed Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) Ka-band satellite that has 80 rays which blanket-cover all of Europe, North Africa, and even the european part of Russia. It is commercially successful...
November 2017
Roving the red planet
... of clay minerals. Only Curiosity was equipped with an X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) instrument in the form of the CheMin ... Geochemical modelling of results from the rover’s Alpha Partical X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) at the ‘Esperance’ outcrop on the Cape...
June 2019
Solar superstorms and their effects on Earth
... sizes start at A, then B, C, M, and X, so a C1 flare is 10 times a B1 flare and an X45 flare is 45 times an X1). For comparison, the largest X-ray flare recorded during the Space Age was the 4 November 2003 event estimated at about X35. Location...
February 2020
Surviving bacteria in space
... than ultra-violet and infra-red protocols. Beams of x-rays, for example, are able to pass rapidly through all ... 50x magnification. However, despite the proven efficacy of x-ray and electron beam irradiation protocols on Earth, their efficiency under...
October 2024
Off-Earth risks to the human skeleton
... measuring bone mineral density (BMD) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is the basic method for assessing the well-being...Fedorov (above) during SIRIUS-21, using the XCT2000L peripheral X-ray computer tomograph (pQCT) (DLR)and (above left) studying...
