August 2020
Battle for the night sky - from telescopes to ad-breaks
...on larger, more powerful and more expensive satellites in geostationary orbit (GEO), but they faced the issue of longer...objects - including the Humanity Star and the presently hypothetical orbital advertising displays - purely in order to be seen from...
February 2021
Space archaeology - preserving our orbital heritage
... debris. For LEO, current guidance is that an asset should be safely de-orbited in a controlled fashion to burn up on re-entry. For satellites in geostationary orbit (GEO), the guidance is to place end-of-life hardware in a much higher ‘graveyard...
September 2023
A multifaceted approach to space sustainability
... other factors such as post-mission disposal. This has only been a consideration in geostationary orbit (GEO), where both the frequencies and the use of orbital positions are regulated by the ITU. But now, when radio regulators licence...
April 2025
Space sustainability and the role of space situational awareness
... to minimise risks. Space situational awareness supports the long-term viability of congested orbits, particularly in low Earth orbit (LEO) and geostationary orbit (GEO) while promoting collective responsibility for the space environment and driving...
October 2025
Satellite technology - from operational challenges to strategic opportunities
... and competition for radio-frequency (RF) spectrum in LEO and geostationary orbit (GEO) creates interference risks, while mega-constellations contribute to orbital congestion. The diversity of transmission requirements across various applications...
