March 2016
Saving Earth from an Expanding Sun
...magnetic field is very strong - 25,000 nanotesla in low Earth orbit (LEO), near the equator - and we’ve already seen we cannot use that...around the Sun is four times higher than a satellite in LEO. Put it all together and you induce along the beanstalk...
July 2016
France, Europe and Russia - two decades of space launch cooperation
... Soyuz, mostly used for injection into Low Earth Orbits (LEO) and Russian space stations missions, soon proved to be ...the lower three stages to provide access to a full range of orbits (LEO, SSO, MEO and GTO). The main propulsion system of the Fregat ...
August 2016
Flying in formation - why China and the rest of the world should collaborate
..., which almost means relinquishing human spaceflight activities in LEO. Cooperation with CSS, however, would open a new door for... Europe to continue its presence in LEO. For Russia, the ability to implement its independent space...
August 2016
Big or small - aerospace innovates through constraints
...the same in space. For CubeSats in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), which is below the Van Allen radiation belts, radiation hardening...within the size and power profile of a CubeSat could be in LEO in under six months. Furthermore, since the spacecraft run open ...
March 2017
Space is open for business
...Alenia Space Italia. “The role of the private companies in LEO should be increased with business plans put in place,” he ...key for low Earth orbit operations. “The end users of LEO commercialisation will be hybrid,” suggests Bart Reijnen, head of the...
April 2017
Surviving radiation for space colonisation
...magnetic field and finally the atmosphere. Low Earth orbit (LEO), where the International Space Station is located, is protected... Apollo astronauts, the only humans so far to travel outside of LEO, received from about 1.6 mSv to 5.8 mSv - with Apollo ...
