...and it makes sense to only use them in long-duration missions with large consumable masses. For longer stays onboard ...days. Risks associated with elevated carbon dioxide levels on a long-duration spaceflight do not need to be pointed out but the side...
... reference to external notions of proportionality, stakeholders could pursue excessively punitive responses. In other words, crews on long-duration missions could end up developing their own ‘ad hoc’ legal system, much like the apocryphal ‘wild west...
... remains one of the greatest challenges for human space exploration beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) for long-duration missions to the Moon and Mars. The Matroshka AstroRad Radiation Experiment (MARE) will test newly developed personal...
...for in-flight support have changed little since the advent of long duration missions. Upcoming crewed missions will be dramatically different from low-Earth orbital missions in both mission demands and the kind of individuals that represent the ‘best...
... visual system caused by spaceflight. A landmark study by TH Mader et al. in 2011 examined seven astronauts before and after long-duration missions to the International Space Station (ISS). Six underwent OCT and orbital/cranial MRI post-flight, and...
... research, tourism or a mixture of various intentions. Artist impression of a lunar outpost. Challenges associated with long-duration missions intensify the demands on habitats and their design, system operations and integration. For instance...