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March 2021
Space weather and risk mitigation
.... Society is clearly more aware of already experienced threats, while the strength, duration and impact of space weather are subject to uncertainty. However, the following features that should be kept in mind by...Figure 2. Critical factors that determine the disaster severity. Similar to terrestrial infrastructures, space assets are exposed to threats, only one of which is space weather. Other threats include space debris, deliberate attacks...
September 2019
Electric orbit raising and space weather
...environment is at greater risk. New research aims to understand this risk, and the potential impact of a radiation storm on the solar cell degradation of satellites undergoing electric orbit raising.... to EOR satellites, protecting the growing number of assets in space requires a greater understanding of space weather effects in general. This includes understanding how space weather can lead to various anomalies onboard spacecraft, as well as how...
May 2021
Forecasting space-weather effects on Earth
...Earth that induce electrical currents in the ground and degrade power-grid operations The largest space-weather event to impact the Earth in recorded history occurred on 1-2 September 1859 when a particularly strong CME... analogous to hurricanes, tornadoes and earthquakes, provide an overview of the estimated impact, frequency and severity of these space weather events. CMEs can also cause geomagnetic storms on Earth that induce electrical currents...
March 2015
Space weather: the public & policy
...inconvenience. It is interesting to speculate on why there was limited public interest in space weather impacts on aviation and GNSS. The aviation case seems straightforward: it probably reflects the fact... today be directly affected by space weather impacts on GNSS. There was limited public interest in space weather impacts on aviation and GNSS The workshops showed that it is straightforward to communicate space weather risks to the public, that...
April 2021
Space wars - how they start and how to end them
... groups many thousands of miles away without long-range satellite communications; space-based surveillance to detect approaching threats; weather satellite forecasting of sea states and cloud cover over potential targets; ...satellite, if it has on-board radar or optical systems to track a target and fine manoeuvring jets for impact accuracy. Even a small laser on a satellite can damage sensitive optical components such as Earth-oriented optical ...
October 2019
Space-based cybersecurity challenges for NATO
... of avoiding collisions”, SSA has three specific purposes: providing space surveillance and tracking of space debris (objects) that circle Earth; providing space weather reports (see next section); and detecting near Earth objects ... national infrastructure would not only improve civilian preparedness and resilience: it would also help to minimise impacts on the military sector. The NATO Pipeline System, for instance, that NATO forces rely on ...
October 2018
Using space-based data for humanitarian causes
...addressed. For one, it could entail creating a new treaty, which would be a slow-going process impacted by intractable geopolitics. For another, if states opted for volunteer-based information sharing, there could be ... law & regulation. He has been a contributor to several aviation and space law focused journals, is a member of the International Institute of Space Law, is the Chair of the Legal Technical Committee with the American Institute...
July 2019
Who owns outer space?
... interpretation of ‘the mankind provisions’ has thus reached an impasse and, according to former Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Space Law, Prof Joanne Gabrynowitz, it is “now primarily a political problem and... therefore, only subject to a ... amount will be an arbitrary fee, not set by the market and which would have to be factored into project costings. These and other proposals would directly benefit humankind in accordance with Article I of ...
July 2021
Designing for life in outer space - The importance of design for long-term space missions
... becoming a mediator between science and beauty The challenge is to transform extreme environmental conditions from a limiting factor to an opportunity and, for example, to try to design environments and objects that take advantage of ... has chaired international symposia and workshops on design for outer space and has written books and published numerous papers in scientific journals. She has been the recipient of several prestigious awards, ...
