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January 2023
China’s space ambitions fuel defence spending and global innovation
... A study by the US Defense Innovation Unit, Space Force and Air Force warns that China is on track to outpace the US by 2045 to become the dominant space power and displace the US as world economic leader. Both...between space powers. The US Space Force budget grew nearly 40 percent to $24.5 billion in FY2023, while NATO recently set up a $1 billion Defense Tech Fund to invest in early stage space and AI start-ups. Below we review the US Space Force...
September 2021
Near space - the air-space boundary question, astronauts and space tourism
...legal regime will be appropriate should a dispute arise. But there is more to it than that: the air-space boundary is also important when considering a crucial marketing element, that of whether those travelling on such flights will...be forced to land in their territory. This provision undoubtedly recognised the difficulties experienced by US pilot Gary Powers in 1961 after his U-2 spy plane was shot down over Soviet territory. As a result, both ...
September 2025
Iran’s ascent - a space power in the shadow of sanctions
...of the most impressive, but least well known of the world’s new space powers. Indeed, a recent review, entitled ‘State of the space industrial base, 2024’ [New Space Nexus, 2025] considered New Zealand an emerging player, but not Iran....fifth century BCE, while the Maragheh observatory (of 1259 CE) was famous for its observations, instruments and books. Iran gave us the great astronomer Al Biruni (973-1050) and Omar Khayyam (1048-1131), ...
June 2022
Military space – how worried should we be?
...-tanks publish ready advice for governments on space security: Defence IQ recently published its Space Operations Summit Market Report 2022, a country-by-country review of military space programmes. Fresh room must be found ...an old Beidou navigation satellite. By the 1980s, though, the concealment of military space within ‘civilian’ space by all the space powers became less and less feasible or credible A more recent development is trailing other ...
May 2025
Mythologies of Outer Space - A new perspective on the final frontier
...calls each of us to identify with what we have culturally constructed as humanity. Mythologies of Outer Space, a new book edited by Jim Ellis and Noreen Humble, takes an interdisciplinary approach to exploring the cultural, historical...interconnected with life on Earth. She also reflects on the ironic relationship between space law and masculine power structures that have historically dictated lunar exploration, underscoring the increasing role of ...
October 2018
Using space-based data for humanitarian causes
... Prof Dodge obtained his JD from the University of Mississippi School of Law (2008), and his LLM in Air & Space Law at McGill Faculty of Law in Montreal, Canada (2011). He formerly taught at the University of Mississippi... law & regulation. He has been a contributor to several aviation and space law focused journals, is a member of the International Institute of Space Law, is the Chair of the Legal Technical Committee with the American Institute...
July 2019
Aggression in outer space – time for action
...striving to reduce the debris population, these demonstrations increase tension in outer space and create a situation that encourages major space powers to accelerate their plans to develop retaliation capabilities. But ASAT tests ...(red), with the orbit of the International Space Station (white) as a comparison. The US Air Force makes available a lot of information resulting from its space surveillance network, but that information does not ...
July 2019
Luxembourg’s space legislation
... binding upon Luxembourg do not make operators internationally liable for damage caused by space objects on the Earth, in air space or in outer space; instead, it is the States that launch or procure the launch that are... she serves as co-director of the Masters programme in Space, Communication & Media Law. She has edited or co-edited several books dealing with new developments in the area of space law and telecommunication. In 2016, she was head ...
January 2023
Original Sin - Power, Technology and War in Outer Space
...activities and personnel move from one side to another. On the ground, many space powers benefitted from previous imperial and colonial conquests. Imperial territories became home to satellite control...outer space, and the author of War in Space: Strategy, Spacepower, Geopolitics and several papers on space policy in a variety of academic journals. Dr Bowen frequently appears in media items on space policy and advises practitioners on space ...
